A DDBMS governs
the storage and processing of logically related data over interconnected
computer systems in which both data and processing functions are distributed
among several sites. A DBMS must have at least the following functions to be
classified as distributed:
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Application interface to interact with the end
user, application programs, and other DBMSs within the distributed database
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The data is split into a number of fragments and
each fragment can be replicated Fragments/replicas are allocated to sites
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The sites are linked by a communications network
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The data at each site is under the control of a
DBMS
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The DBMS at each site can handle local
applications, autonomously
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Query optimization to find the best access
strategy. (Which database fragments must be accessed by the query, and how must
data updates, if any, be synchronized?)
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Mapping to determine the data location of local
and remote fragments
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I/O interface to read or write data from or to
permanent local storage
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Security to provide data privacy at both local
and remote databases
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Backup and recovery to ensure the availability
and recoverability of the database in case of a failure
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Concurrency control to manage simultaneous data
access and to ensure data consistency across database fragments in the DDBMS
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Transaction management to ensure that the data
moves from one consistent state to another. This activity includes the
synchronization of local and remote transactions as well as transactions across
multiple distributed segments.
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